JPEG Izixhobo

Guqula JPEG ukuya nokubuya kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo

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Malunga JPEG

I-JPEG isebenzisa ucinezelo olulahlekileyo olulungiselelwe iifoto, ukulinganisela umgangatho kunye nobukhulu befayile.

Iindlela Ezisetyenziswa Ngazo Eziqhelekileyo

Iifoto zedijithali
Imifanekiso yewebhu kunye nee-thumbnails
Izincamathiselo zeefoto ze-imeyile

JPEG Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Ngokuguqula

Yintoni ifayili JPEG?

I-JPEG (iQela leeNgcali zoFoto eziHlangeneyo) ngumgangatho wokucinezelwa komfanekiso kwiifoto zedijithali.

Ingaba ukubuyisela uvimba we JPEG kwenza ukuba kube nzima ixesha ngalinye?

Ewe, kwaye loo nto yinto enye ekufuneka uyazi malunga nefomati. Ukugcina ngalunye luphinda luqhube i-lossy encoder ngaphezulu komfanekiso osele ugqithisele kuyo, ngoko ke i-artefacts idityaniswa - ibonakala njenge-blocking ejikeleze umbhalo kunye ne-haloes kumazantsi anzima emva kweentsuku ezininzi zobuhlanga. Hlela ukusuka kwi master engalahlekiyo kwaye urhwebe ngaphandle kwi JPEG kabini, kwisiphelo, kunokuba uvule kwakhona ugcine kwakhona ifayile efanayo. Uthungelwano lwee-bit lufana ne-.jpg: DCT-based lossy compression, ngokuqhelekileyo nge-4:2:0 chroma subsampling, olujikelezwe kwi-JFIF okanye kwi-Exif header.

Kutheni le nto ikhamera nefowuni nganye inika JPEG?

Kuba yifomati yonke inkqubo yomfanekiso ibekwe kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, kwaye akukho nto ukusukela ngoko ifanele umngcipheko wokulungelelanisa umenzi wekhamera. I data yophatho iqhubekekiswa kwaye ikhowudiwe kwikhamera ngokwayo, kwiqwalaselo lomgangatho olutywinwe kwimenu, kwaye oko kuwela kwikhadi sele kumfanekiso ogqityiweyo. Le yisizathu sokuba uguqulelo lokuqala lomfanekiso aluzange lube lugqibo olulahlekileyo abantu bakhathazeka ngalo - utshintsho olulahlekileyo luya kwenzeka, ngaphakathi kwekhamera. I-JPEG ifana ne-JPG ne-JFIF — uluhlu oluneleta ezine luye lwaqala, kwaye oluneleta ezintathu lukhona kuphela ngenxa ye-DOS 8. 3 umda wegama lefayili.

Ingaba i-JPEG ifana nefomati yesinye isiqalelo?

Ewe. Eli xhulumaniso negama elide okanye elifutshane obona ngaphaya kwayo lichaza ifomati enye ephantsi, kwaye nantoni na efunda okanye ifunda zombini. Amagama amabini akwimbali: umda wegama lefayile leimpawu ezisibhozo ukusuka kwi DOS yexesha, umboneleli onika igama lodweliso lwenkqubo endaweni yefomati yefayile, okanye iinkqubo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ezihlukileyo. Uguqulelo lwesibini luvelisa iziphumo ezifanayo, ngoko sebenzisa naluphi na uxhulumaniso isoftware kwinye icala ilindele.

Yintoni isicwangciso somgangatho endingayisebenzisa xa ndiguqula kwi JPEG?

Indawo ephakathi kwe 80 ne 90 yento nantoni na umntu oza kuyijonga. Ezantsi malunga ne 75 iindidi zezinto ezibonakalayo ziyaqala ukubonisa kwisikhumba, ilanga nakweyiphi na indawo enkulu ethe tyaba; ngaphezulu kwe 95 ifayile ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngelixa akukho mntu ubona utshintsho. Isicwangciso asiyophawu lomfanekiso, lugqibo malunga norhwebo lwangaphandle oluthile - ngoko khetha apho ifayile isiya khona, kwaye ugcine okuqala kwixesha elizayo xa ufuna impendulo eyahlukileyo.

Kutheni le nto isiqalo sam esicacileyo sitshintshe simhlophe kwi JPEG?

Kuba JPEG ayinasiqhagamshelanisi se-alpha sokugcina kuyo. I-pixel nganye kufuneka ibe nombala oqinileyo, ngoko ukubonakala okucacileyo kudityaniswa nokungasemva - omnyama ngokumiselweyo - kwixesha apho ifayili ibhalwa khona. Akukho nto ibuyiselwa emva koko. Ukuba umfanekiso ufuna ukuba uhlale kwiphepha elimnyama okanye ngaphezulu komfanekiso, guqula kwifomati egcina ukubonakala okucacileyo endaweni yoko. I-JPEG ibelana ngazo zonke izithintelo ze-JPG — akukho lpha, ulahleko lokuzalwa kwi-re-save — kunye noxinzelelo oluthe kratya lwesoftware ephatha izithuba ezimbini ngokuhlukileyo.

Ingaba i JPEG igcina umbala we-CMYK woshicilelo?

Iyakwazi, nto leyo eyenza iifayile ezivela kwindlela yomsebenzi yoshicilelo ngamanye amaxesha zijongeka zinomdla kwikhusi: imibala ikhankanyiweyo kwipesenti ye inki yokushicilela kunokuba kukukhanya kwemboniselo. Iifomati ezininzi ze web- ejongeyo yi RGB kuphela, ngoko uguqulelo kufuneka luguqule, kwaye uguqulelo luyi- 100% cyan ne- orange shift. Nantoni na ehamba kumshicileli, gcina okubhaliweyo kunye nobubhali obufutshane nokuba uguqula ntoni.

Ingaba kubaluleke na ukuba u JPEG uneminyaka engaphezu kweeminyaka ezimashumi amathathu ubudala?

Ubudala ngokwalo alukuyingxaki - iifomati ezininzi ezivela kulo nyaka zihlala zilungile, ngokucacileyo ngenxa yokuba konke kwakuba neminyaka emininzi yokuzisebenzisa. Okubalulekileyo kulapho ixesha licinga khona: iifayile ezincinci, abaqhubi abancinci, akukho msebenzi womnatha, kunye neempawu ezingafunekiyo. apho ezi zinto zicinga khona, ifomati ilungile. apho azisebenzi, le yisizathu sokuguqula.

Ingaba ikhamera nendawo ye-metadata igcinwa xa ndiguqula i-JPEG?

Ithwala apho ifomati emiselweyo ixhasa khona - imodeli yekhamera, ukubonakala, ixesha lokuqwalasela, kunye ne GPS ikhowudi xa isixhobo sirekhoda. Lo mhla wokugqibela ufanele uthathelwe ingqalelo phambi koshicilelo: umfanekiso osuka kwifowuni uthatha indawo efanelekileyo. Ukhuphe i metadata ngexesha loguqulelo xa umfanekiso usiya kwindawo esemthethweni.

Ndingasebenzisa i-JPEG ngokuthe ngqo kwiphepha le-web?

Ewe - yonke ibrowser yangoku iyenza ngokusemthethweni, ngoko ayifunanga ukopi ozakubuyela umva nokuguqulela ngexesha lokushicilela. Umbuzo osele ukhona ubunzima kunokuba uxhaso: umfanekiso ofanayo kwifomati ye web ekutsha ihlala ikwishumi elinesibini yobungakanani kwifomati ebonakalayo yomgangatho, ekufuneka yenziwe nantoni na ebonakala ngapha kweqokobhe. I-JPEG yindawo yokufaka ikhamera, i-scanner kunye ne-Unix-source software, kwaye iyaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela.

Ndingayinika kwakhona igama elipheleleyo lesiqendu endaweni yokuguqula i JPEG?

Akukho nanye, kwaye ifanele ukuqonda kutheni: unikezelo luphawu, ngelixa i bytes ngaphakathi zidityaniswe kwifomati ekhethekileyo. Ukuphinda ubize ifayile ivelisa ifayile igama layo lithembisa into imixholo yayo ayinikezeli, kwaye nantoni na evula ifayile okanye ilahlekile ifayile okanye ifunda ngokungachanekanga. Ukuphela kwendlela efutshane kuhlobo olubini oluyinyani ibhokisi efanayo phantsi kwegama elahlukileyo - kwaye nalapho ukuphinda ubhale ngokuchanekileyo kukhuselekile kunegama elahlukileyo.

Ndingaguqula isiqulathi seefayili esipheleleyo se JPEG iifayili ngenye indlela?

Nge akhawunti, ewe - shiya ngaphaya kunye kwaye zifolwa njengemisebenzi enye endaweni yokuphathwa enye ngexesha, ngemimiselo efanayo esetyenziswa kwiqela kunye neziphumo ezibuyiselweyo kunye. Uguqulelo oluzenzekelayo luqhuba ifayile enye ngexesha (izixhobo zokudibanisa zithatha ezimbini); inkqubo ehlawulweyo ivula uqhubekeko lweqela kunye nobukhulu befayile nganye umda, owenza uguqulelo lwefayile yonke yovimba isebenziseke.